A module published twice at once keeps its newer version
A portal runs several replicas that share one module store. When a new build of a module is published, whichever replica receives the upload puts the bytes in place and records which version the portal should run from now on.
What went wrong
That record was one file per module, and each replica wrote its decision over it. A replica read the file when the upload arrived, took a few seconds to put the bytes in place, and then replaced the file with its own decision. If a second build of the same module reached a different replica in those few seconds, both decided against what they had read before the other one wrote — and the one that finished last won.
That was the same mistake an earlier fix (the registry never rolls a module back unattended) had already closed for uploads arriving one after the other. Arriving at the same moment on two replicas, an older build finishing last could still put the older version back — and even when the newer build won, the older one lost its place as the fallback and was cleaned up a few minutes later.
What happens now
Each upload writes a record of its own and never overwrites anyone else's. The version the portal runs, and the one it falls back to, are worked out from all the records present by the same rule as before — a newer version wins on the publish route, a rebuild at the same version wins, and an install you chose yourself in the Store still takes effect. Every replica reads the same records, so every replica agrees, whichever upload finished first.
What you will notice
Nothing, unless you were hit by it: a module you had just updated no longer comes back at the older version after two builds of it were published at once. Modules already installed keep running exactly the version they ran before the update — nothing is rewritten, and a replica still on the previous portal version during a rolling update reads the store exactly as it always did.